Efeito da equoterapia no equilíbrio de idosos: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise / Effect of hippotherapy on older balance: a systematic review with methanalysis

A prática regular de exercícios físicos de diferentes naturezas tem sido amplamente recomendada para a população idosa, em virtude dos inúmeros benefícios relacionados à capacidade funcional e cognitiva nesta etapa da vida, aumentando a longevidade com independência funcional. Os efeitos da equoterapia na melhora do equilíbrio postural estão sendo cada vez mais estudados nas diversas populações, contudo, os estudos sobre esses efeitos em idosos são recentes. Dada a importância de melhorar a prática baseada em evidências, surgiu o interesse em realizar uma síntese rigorosa de todas as consultas relacionadas com o efeito da equoterapia no equilíbrio de idosos. Esta revisão seguiu as recomendações do Preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-análise (PRISMA) e registrado em um banco de dados internacional de revisões sistemáticas (PROSPERO). Foram selecionados artigos de bases de dados BIREME, SCIELO, MEDLINE CINAHAL, EBSCHOST e ISI, publicados em português e inglês. As palavras-chaves utilizadas foram: "equoterapia" OR "terapia assistida por animais" AND "equilíbrio postural" AND "idoso", presentes no título ou nos resumos dos artigos. Os artigos foram avaliados com base em seu nível de evidência e conduta. Utilizou-se a escala PEDro, para avaliação metodológica dos artigos incluídos na revisão. Identificou-se 20 estudos; 4 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Estudos sobre os efeitos de equoterapia em idosos apresentam uma homogeneidade (I2 = 0 %) e uma melhora significativa (p = 0,001) equilíbrio. Embora os estudos apontem que a equoterapia seja benéfica para a melhora do equilíbrio postural, somente 4 estudos foram analisados, havendo necessidade de mais pesquisas que relacionem essas variáveis na população idosa....(AU)

The regular practice of physical exercises of diff erent natures has been widely recommended for the elderly population, due to the innumerable benefi ts related to functional and cognitive capacity in this stage of life, increasing the longevity with functional independence.The eff ects hippotherapy on the improvement of postural balance are being increasingly studied in diff erent populations, however, studies on these eff ects in the elderly are recent. Given the importance of improving evidence-based practice, the interest in performing a rigorous synthesis of all queries related to the eff ect of hippotherapy on balance postural. This review followed the reporting items Preferred recommendations for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) And registered in an international database of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). Were selected articles from databases BIREME, SCIELO, MEDLINE CINAHAL, EBSCHOST e ISI, published Portuguese and English. The key words used were: hippotherapy, therapeutic riding, postural balance and elderly, present in the title or summary of articles. Were used the PEDro scale for methodological evaluation of the articles included in the review. It identifi ed 20 studies; 4 met the inclusion criteria. Studies on the eff ects of hippotherapy in older adults homogeneity (I2 = 0 %) and a signifi cant improvement (p = 0.001) in the functional capacity of the elderly. Although the studies indicate that hippotherapy is benefi cial for the improvement of postural balance, only 4 studies were analyzed, and there is a need for research that relates these variables to the elderly population....(AU)

Primary investigation on variable but nonculturable-state of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in vitro / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>7 variable but nonculturable-state strains of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) during the routine bacterial subculture were found in our lab and their morphology and antigen studied. Biological features, antigens and pathogenicity of the revertants were also tested and compared to that of the initial strains in order to detect their variations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Biological variations between the variable but nonculturable-state and the revertant of every strain were detected, using the routine gram-staining, reverting the isolates in animal intestinal, reverting their pathogenicity, serological agglutination, biochemical identifications and antibiotic resistance tests.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the 7 variable but nonculturable-state strains of ETEC,other than the trains that had changed into sphero vegetale cells, there were no other obvious variations found. However, high pathogenicity of these strains still remained.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The presence of variable but nonculturable-state strains suggested that the routine method of bacteria storage should be changed and more attention should be paid to realize the existence of this kind of bacteria during the routine surveillance of the communicable diseases.</p>